The purpose of this research is to find OUT "The correlation between personal characteristics and BUM-OUT among managers in faculties of Physical Education Universities". The, Two personal characteristics and BUM-OUT questionnaires include: J. Personal characters questionnaire (researcher-made) 2. BUM-OUT questionnaire of Hassles and Maslash. On the other hand, 44 physical education and 88 non-physical education and 30 university managers answered to the questionnaires. There was a significant correlation between age and the BUM-OUT in both university managers and non-physical education managers. There wasn't any relation between the years spent in .\port and BUM-OUT level, but there was a significant relation in case of physical education managers conversely. There wasn't a significant correlation between the education level and BUM-OUT level among managers. There was a significant correlation between the employment career and BUM-OUT in managers. There was a significant difference among university managers. So a significant difference has been shown in university, non-physical education and physical Education managers respectively and also this case is in the vice of managers too.

Background: Non opioid treatments for pain after therapeutic procedures on patients with burns have become popular because of the side effects associated with narcotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and sedative effects of clonidine, an a2 adrenoceptor agonist in burn patients.Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial 100 burn patients were divided in two groups. Case group (n=50) received oral clonidine, 3.3mg/kg TDS and controls (n=50) received placebo. Pain severity (VAS), heart rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded after clonidine administration. Statistical analysis was done by means of analysis variance, Chi-square and T-test.Results: 50 patients (mean age 28.96±10 years) in case group, and 50 patients (mean age 27.60±11.4 years) in control group were studied. VAS pain scores and heart rate in the clonidine group were significantly lower than control group (p<0.0001, p<0.02). There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure between two groups in first and second day but in third day the systolic blood pressure in clonidine group was lower than controls significantly (p=0.002). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the topical use of oral clonidine affects the hemodynamic response to pain in burn patients.

Background: Severe postoperative pain and burning in burned patients due to extensive debridement and graft removal requires administration of adequate potent analgesics. Ketamine has potent analgesic and sedative effects and by inhibition of NMDA receptors in spinal cord reduces pain intensity and prevents it to become chronic. Materials and Methods: This controlled and double-blinded trial was performed in patients age range between 15 to 50 years old and during percentage between 10% to 50%. Oral ketamine was administered for 20 Patients (2 mg/kg tid). Results: Pain intensity and opioid dosage in trial group were considerably less than those of control group, as mentioned by patients and nurses. There were no correlations between pain intensity and age, sex and burning percehtage, but pain intensity had a direct correlation with opioid dosage and heart rate. Conclusion: We concluded that 2mg/kg oral ketamine. Results in lower pain intensity and opioid usage in burned patients withOUT any effects on mental status.    

This research was done in order to investigate "BUM-OUT"and "locusof control" among the managers of physical and non~physicaleducation departments and faculties of higher education universities. To do so, 44 physical education managers (95% of total) and 88 non-physical education managers (40% of total) were selected. Data analysis was done using corrlation tests of Kendall, Pearson and mean comparison of Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Hotellings trace. There was a significant correlation between age and career and the BUM-OUT extent in both physical and non-physical education managers. There was not any significant difference between these two and the locus of control, although in non-physical education managers a significant relation between career and locus of control has been shown (a =0.02). There was no significant correlation between BUM-OUT level and locus of control itself, but there was a significantdifference between the current level of both and their ideal state. Obviously,both societies need BUM-OUT managementmechanismsand tension. decreasingstrategies.

Among the accidents which endager human health, burns are considered as the most severe ones. When skin is damaged, pathogenic agents attack the body and after a short time burn wounds are infected by resistant microorganisms, that is the most important cause of the mortality in burned patients. The present study was carried OUT to determine the OUTbreak rate of infection in burn wounds of the hospitalized patients, as well as, to access a proper treatment procedure based on pathogenic factors which cause infection.This descriptive study was done within six months on all the hospitalized patients (82) in the burn ward of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital in Khorramabad (Iran).The instrument for collecting data was a questionnaire and the results of the tissue cultures which were taken from the wounds in two phases in the sterile condition, the first time one week and the second time two weeks after burning. The size of samples was one centimeter .The tissue cultures were processed in the mere unaerobic and aerobic in the temperature of 37°C. Samples with 105 colony per gr tissue were considered as infected samples, in addition the type of microoganisms developed in the samples were indentified . Also items such as: age, gender, type of BUM, and the relation of some of them with the infection were identified. Findings showed that 33 patients had 30-40% of burned surfaces: The tissue culture was positive. Among these, 72% had infected with pseudomonas aeroginosa and the rest had infected with E.Coli, staphylococcus, candidacies, and proteous .Among all the patients, 5 persons died. These patients had more than 35% burned surface and their wounds were infected. The average burned surface of the infected patients was 43.6% and the average burned surface among patients withOUT infection was 25%. The statistical operation (pV=O) showed that there is a significant difference between the percentage of burned surface and the occurrence of infection.The most common factor coursing infection in the burn wounds was pseudomonad that matches with the results of the other studies. There was also a significant relationship between the percentage of burned surface and-the occurrence of infection Regarding the much attention and notice to the identification of infection using tissue culture, we suggest that the treatment of infection in burned patients should be done based on this test and the type of microorganisms cousing infection.

A professional judge is challenging and worthwhile. On the other hand referees are exposed to frustration, abuse and disrespect. So theree is no surprise that some referees are suffering burn OUTing of the sinking. Population of this research was 140 subjects of the degree of referees three, two, one, national and international country football referees. Data collection was a two-part questionnaire that included the first part of eight questions abOUT demographic characteristics and the second pari of the BUM OUT of the questionnaire included 25 questions that used. Validity of Maslach burnOUT questionnaires were confirmed by professors and experts of athletic management and their stability were obtained by the use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a=0.87). the Research findings suggest that there is a significant differences between emotional exhaustion and Referees degree (X2= 18.69, p<0.05).The fatigue and emotional exhaustion in 2 degree referees is higher than the referee of other degrees. Similarly, the mean of depersonalization and referees degree significant difference was observed (X2=36.04, p<0.01). on the basis of survey result, there was a significant difference between burnOUT and their degree (F=15.5, m=15.58). But there was no significant difference between burnOUT and their posts (p<0.01). On the bases of evolvement scales, there had a significant difference between the mean of referees involvement and degree of referee (X2=29.65, p<0.01). providing appropriate education and opportunities for referees, comprehensive support and required resources for referees and improving public understanding of referees class in society are some actions that must be taken by relevant officials in order to prevent this phenomena.

The present study is aimed at investigation the probable relationship between athletic background and BUM - OUT by the three variables of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment among Tehran's female speed and endurance runners (N= 60). The subjects were divided into two groups of 30 according to their athletic specialization (speed and endurance). Their burn- OUT was measured through Maslach BUM-OUT Inventory (MBI) in three levels of low, moderate, and high and then compared using descriptive analyses. The relationship between the obtained BUM-OUT and the athletes" athletic background was evaluated by the use of Pearson Correlation model. The results revealed that the two groups suffer moderate levels of BUM-OUT in the two variables of Emotional (EE), Depersonalization (DP) and low levels of Pearson Accomplishment (PA). In comparison, Tehran's female endurance runners were more burned-OUT in EE and DP than their counterparts however, speed runners showed greater amounts of BUM-OUT considering their PA. The correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between EE, DP and athletic background in Tehran's female endurance lunners and a positive relationship between PA and athletic background in Tehran's female speed runners.

In this research, we tried to prove that suggestions' system could reduce job BUM OUT as one of the methods of Participation Management. Thus 118 members of the staff working in the first, second and third caring units of Baghiyatallah hospital (Tehran, Iran) participated in this research and were divided into three groups of intervention, instruction and witness groups. Their job BUM OUT were evaluated by Maslach Inventory in the pre-test, and then the suggestions' system were implemented in intervention group while the instruction group were only trained abOUT the suggestions' system and the witness group remained unchanged. Three months after the implementation of the suggestions' systems, the job BUM OUT was evaluated and analyzed. There was no significant difference among the three groups in term of the average of severity and occasions of job BUM OUT in pre-test but in post-test there was a significant difference in terms of job BUM OUT index between the intervention group and the two groups of instruction and witness (p< 0.0001). Also there was no significant difference between instruction and witness groups. The results of this research showed that the implementation of the suggestions' system in the intervention group could reduce the job burn OUT of the personnel, while no significant difference was observed in the witness and instruction groups in this regard. Consequently, the implementation of suggestions' system is introduced as a way for decreasing job burnOUT.

Introduction & Objective: Shoulder joint is the most common articular dislocations in the body. There are many surgical techniques for the treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the short-term results of surgical technique of modified Bankart repair for recurrent anterior shoulder instability.Materials & Methods: Twenty patients underwent an operation at Tabriz Shohada hospital, from May 2005 to December 2007 and were followed up for at least 18 months. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Results: There were 85% male and 15% female participants in the study, with the average age of 24.7 years (14-46 years). The mean number of dislocation episode before surgery was 6 (3-11). Two had minor glenoid rim fracture. There was no case of rotator cuff tear. During the follow up after surgery, two patients had recurrence of dislocation. The mean Rowe score was 94 and no infection or neurological complication was reported. Average external rotation loss was 5°.Conclusion: According to the above-mentioned data, modified bankart procedure is an acceptable method for treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder.